HACCP在浓香菜籽油生产中的应用

为了保障浓香菜籽油的产品质量安全,采用HACCP体系对浓香菜籽油生产全过程进行生物、物理、化学的危害分析,确定关键控制点,制定预防措施,并对生产环节进行有效监控,制定纠偏措施,做好记录管理,为浓香菜籽油的安全生产提供借鉴。     

Chemical‐Free Approach for Z‐Isomerization of Lycopene in Tomato Powder: Hot Air and Superheated Steam Heating above the Melting Point of Lycopene

Z‐isomers of lycopene exhibit higher bioavailability and antioxidant capacity than those of the all‐E‐isomer. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly procedure for Z‐isomerization. The current methods for Z‐isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene use toxic chemicals such as organic solvents and catalysts. This study is aimed to develop a chemical‐free method for Z‐isomerization of (all‐E)‐lycopene in tomato powder by hot air and superheated steam heating. The Z‐isomerization reaction is promoted by heating above the melting point of lycopene. When heated with superheated steam, the thermal decomposition of lycopene is suppressed compared to that when heated with hot air. When tomato powder is heated at 240 °C for 5 min by superheated steam, the total Z‐isomer content and remaining lycopene are 69.0% and 90.7%, respectively, while with hot air heating, the total Z‐isomer content and remaining lycopene are 69.9% and 68.0%, respectively. These results indicate that the thermal Z‐isomerization of lycopene occurs in the molten state and heating in a low oxygen atmosphere suppresses the thermal decomposition of lycopene. Practical Applications: Tomato powder rich in lycopene Z‐isomers is an important ingredient for the food and animal feed industries. Since Z‐isomers of lycopene are more soluble in solvents including ethanol which is a low‐toxicity and environmentally friendly solvent, the efficiency of lycopene extraction with ethanol can be improved by using the Z‐isomer‐rich tomato powder as a raw material. The obtained Z‐isomer‐rich extract has a high added value because the Z‐isomers have higher bioavailability and antioxidant capacity than those of the all‐E‐isomer. In addition, since lycopene Z‐isomers exhibit higher accumulation efficiency and better color improvement in hen egg yolks than those of the all‐E‐isomer, Z‐isomer‐rich tomato powder is an effective animal feed.     

Modelling multiphasic starch digestograms: an objective procedure for slope discontinuities†

Digestograms of 101 published in vitro starch digestion were used to investigate slope discontinuities. Polynomial equations (1 to 3 orders) adequately described the first derivative of the digestograms. The derivative(s) of the equations revealed critical point(s). The third-order equation described (P ≤ 0.05) 17% of the digestograms as triphasic, the second- and third-order equations identified (P ≤ 0.05) 32% as biphasic, while 51% exhibited (P ≤ 0.05) monophasic digestograms. Using nonlinear regression with practical constraints, a modified first-order kinetic model (D_t = D₀ + D_∞−0 {1 − exp [−K t]}) described (r² > 0.56, P ≤ 0.05) segments 1–3 of the digestograms. Rapid-slow and slow-rapid digestion rates were obtained, and maximum digestible starches, D_∞, ≤100g/100g (dry) starch for an in-depth understanding of starch digestion. This is the first comprehensive objective approach for slope discontinuities in starch digestograms for consistency in modelling digestograms that advances starch digestion studies.     

A review on spindle thermal error compensation in machine tools

Thermal error caused by the thermal deformation is one of the most significant factors influencing the accuracy of the machine tool. Among all the heat sources which lead to the thermal distortions, the spindle is the main one. This paper presents an overview of the research about the compensation of the spindle thermal error. Thermal error compensation is considered as a more convenient, effective and cost-efficient way to reduce the thermal error compared with other thermal error control and reduction methods. Based on the analytical calculation, numerical analysis and experimental tests of the spindle thermal error, the thermal error models are established and then applied for implementing the thermal error compensation. Different kinds of methods adopted in testing, modeling and compensating are listed and discussed. In addition, because the thermal key points are vital to the temperature testing, thermal error modeling, and even influence the effectiveness of compensation, various approaches of selecting thermal key points are introduced as well. This paper aims to give a basic introduction of the whole process of the spindle thermal error compensation and presents a summary of methods applied on different topics of it.     

Estimation of a preference map of new consumers for spatial load forecasting simulation methods using a spatial analysis of points

The paper presents a spatial analysis of points especially suited to estimate a preference map for new consumers, which is then used as an analytical tool in spatial electric load forecasting. This approach is an exploratory spatial data analysis used to discover useful point patterns in the spatial location of distribution transformers to calculate a preference value for each area, rating it with respect to a hypothetical load change that may occur. We consider the locations of distribution transformers occupied land. Random points are generated in the study area where the new loads are expected; these points are referred to as unoccupied land. The method uses a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the probability of unoccupied land becoming occupied land. We test the approach with data from a real distribution system in a mid-size city in Brazil; the result is a preference map that shows the areas where new consumers are most likely to be allocated. The main advantage of this method is the ability work with a small-scale resolution, which enables the use of a resolution suitable for spatial load forecasting method chosen. We test the calculated probabilities in a spatial load forecasting simulation, yielding results with lower spatial error when compared with the heuristic technique.     

三维数字摄影图中注记点高程值的自动检查

针对三维数字摄影图中注记点高程值出现的某些问题，进行了探索、研究，编写了对三维数字摄影图中注记点高程值进行自动检查与提取的程序，该程序的应用使三维数字摄影图中注记点高程值的数据质量有了保证。     

危机矿山问题的对策研究

危机矿山问题 ,是一个涉及矿产资源勘查与开发政策、矿业发展战略、国家资源安全和社会经济可持续发展的重要问题。本研究提出“实施资源接替勘查工程 ,加大矿业治理整顿力度 ,加大科技攻关力度”的三项建议 ;认为开展资源、矿业、矿山开发程度与发展潜力的调查与评价 ;编制我国资源矿产总体规划 ;通过国家适当政策扶持 ,发展科学发展观指导下的矿产资源的开发利用机制 ,是解决危机矿山问题最基本的工作基础和前提     

箱变坐标系与多元储量计算积分法要点简介

本文简要介绍了作为多元储量计算积分法算法依据的箱变坐标系、变值函数等新型数学方法和二元线性类单元层的基本算法，并对其它多元类算法作了简要提示。本法算法精确、用法简便，适用于一般矿产的各类储量计算和矿山设计、生产与科研及矿业管理中的各类有关问题，更可作为一种基本数学工具广泛用于解决其它行业和领域中的各类有关问题。     

最少圆弧逼近曲线的算法和Matlab的实现

讨论了三点圆弧最大误差逼近曲线的算法,理论上使圆弧逼近的段数达到最少。基于Matlab进行了程序的编制求解节点,用等弦长等弧长的圆弧替代理论圆弧,搜索节点的初始值,保证了程序的可靠快速运行。圆弧连接光顺性较好,数控程序段数少、效率高。